General Information of Drug (ID: DM1QSM3)

Drug Name
Phenol
Synonyms
carbolic acid; 108-95-2; Hydroxybenzene; Phenic acid; Oxybenzene; Phenylic acid; Benzenol; Phenyl hydrate; Monophenol; Phenyl hydroxide; Phenylic alcohol; PhOH; Monohydroxybenzene; Phenole; Paoscle; Phenyl alcohol; Phenol alcohol; Izal; Phenol, liquefied; Acide carbolique; Fenolo; Phenosmolin; Fenosmoline; Fenosmolin; Carbolsaure; Fenol; Liquid phenol; Carbolic oil; Phenol, pure; Phenol homopolymer; Phenole [German]; Fenolo [Italian]; Benzene, hydroxy-; Rcra waste number U188; Campho-Phenique Gel; Phenic; Carbolsaure [German]
Drug Type
Small molecular drug
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0 Molecular Weight (mw) 94.11
Topological Polar Surface Area (xlogp) 1.5
Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) 0
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) 1
Chemical Identifiers
Formula
C6H6O
IUPAC Name
phenol
Canonical SMILES
C1=CC=C(C=C1)O
InChI
InChI=1S/C6H6O/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5,7H
InChIKey
ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
996
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:15882
CAS Number
108-95-2
DrugBank ID
DB03255
TTD ID
D0L6HN
INTEDE ID
DR1276

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug


Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) TTUNARX NOUNIPROTAC Inhibitor [1]
Carbonic anhydrase I (CA-I) TTHQPL7 CAH1_HUMAN Inhibitor [1]
Carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II) TTANPDJ CAH2_HUMAN Inhibitor [1]
Carbonic anhydrase IV (CA-IV) TTZHA0O CAH4_HUMAN Inhibitor [1]
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX) TT2LVK8 CAH9_HUMAN Inhibitor [1]
Carbonic anhydrase XII (CA-XII) TTSYM0R CAH12_HUMAN Inhibitor [1]
Carbonic anhydrase XIV (CA-XIV) TTEYTKG CAH14_HUMAN Inhibitor [1]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) DEVDYN7 CP2E1_HUMAN Substrate [2]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) DEYGVN4 UD11_HUMAN Substrate [3]
Cytochrome P450 2F1 (CYP2F1) DED5AT3 CP2F1_HUMAN Substrate [4]
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

Molecule Name Molecule Type Gene Name p-value Fold-Change Z-score
Carbonic anhydrase IV (CA-IV) DTT CA4 1.58E-77 -2.02 -1.77
Carbonic anhydrase XII (CA-XII) DTT CA12 3.29E-21 1.27 1.02
Carbonic anhydrase I (CA-I) DTT CA1 5.23E-14 -0.11 -0.41
Carbonic anhydrase XIV (CA-XIV) DTT CA14 5.79E-07 -0.09 -0.16
Carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II) DTT CA2 7.95E-08 0.52 0.33
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX) DTT CA9 1.12E-10 -0.03 -0.09
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) DME UGT1A1 6.74E-01 -1.44E-02 -7.35E-02
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) DME CYP2E1 1.91E-13 6.46E-02 3.30E-01
Cytochrome P450 2F1 (CYP2F1) DME CYP2F1 5.39E-08 -8.81E-02 -3.95E-01
Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

References

1 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Antioxidant polyphenols effectively inhibit mammalian isoforms I-XV. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010 Sep 1;20(17):5050-3.
2 Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448.
3 Identification of aspartic acid and histidine residues mediating the reaction mechanism and the substrate specificity of the human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases 1A. J Biol Chem. 2007 Dec 14;282(50):36514-24.
4 Cytochrome P450 isozymes involved in the metabolism of phenol, a benzene metabolite. Toxicol Lett. 2001 Dec 15;125(1-3):117-23.
5 Functional significance of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase variants in the metabolism of active tamoxifen metabolites. Cancer Res. 2009 Mar 1;69(5):1892-900.
6 Functional characterization of human and cynomolgus monkey UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 enzymes. Life Sci. 2010 Aug 14;87(7-8):261-8.
7 Effect of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A polymorphism (rs8330 and rs10929303) on glucuronidation status of acetaminophen. Dose Response. 2017 Sep 11;15(3):1559325817723731.
8 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 is the principal enzyme responsible for etoposide glucuronidation in human liver and intestinal microsomes: structural characterization of phenolic and alcoholic glucuronides of etoposide and estimation of enzyme kinetics. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Mar;35(3):371-80.
9 Interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics of generic nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in TB/HIV-coinfected Ghanaian patients: UGT2B7*1c is associated with faster zidovudine clearance and glucuronidation. J Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Sep;49(9):1079-90.
10 Effect of aging on glucuronidation of valproic acid in human liver microsomes and the role of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A4, UGT1A8, and UGT1A10. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Jan;37(1):229-36.
11 Characterization of rat intestinal microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity toward mycophenolic acid. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Sep;34(9):1632-9.
12 Drug-drug interactions for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates: a pharmacokinetic explanation for typically observed low exposure (AUCi/AUC) ratios. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Nov;32(11):1201-8.
13 Substrate-dependent modulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) by propofol in recombinant human UGT1A1 and human liver microsomes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007 Sep;101(3):211-4.
14 Identification and preliminary characterization of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases catalyzing formation of ethyl glucuronide. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2014 Apr;406(9-10):2325-32.
15 Chronic ethanol feeding and folate deficiency activate hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in micropigs. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2005 Jul;289(1):G54-63.
16 Cytochrome P450 2E1 null mice provide novel protection against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and apoptosis. Kidney Int. 2003 May;63(5):1687-96.
17 Genotoxicity of tamoxifen, tamoxifen epoxide and toremifene in human lymphoblastoid cells containing human cytochrome P450s. Carcinogenesis. 1994 Jan;15(1):5-9.
18 Acetaminophen induced acute liver failure via oxidative stress and JNK activation: protective role of taurine by the suppression of cytochrome P450 2E1. Free Radic Res. 2010 Mar;44(3):340-55.
19 A study on the metabolism of etoposide and possible interactions with antitumor or supporting agents by human liver microsomes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Sep;286(3):1294-300.
20 The influence of metabolic gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations in Chinese coke oven workers. Sci Total Environ. 2007 Aug 1;381(1-3):38-46.
21 Novel metabolic pathway of estrone and 17beta-estradiol catalyzed by cytochrome P-450. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Feb;28(2):110-2.
22 Inhibition of cytochrome P450 2E1 by propofol in human and porcine liver microsomes. Biochem Pharmacol. 2002 Oct 1;64(7):1151-6.
23 CYP2E1 and clinical features in alcoholics. Neuropsychobiology. 2003;47(2):86-9.
24 Clinical enflurane metabolism by cytochrome P450 2E1. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1994 Apr;55(4):434-40.
25 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of mammalian isoforms I-XIV with a series of substituted phenols including paracetamol and salicylic acid. Bioorg Med Chem. 2008 Aug 1;16(15):7424-8.
26 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
27 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 2597).
28 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of mammalian isoforms I-XIV with a series of natural product polyphenols and phenolic acids. Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 Mar 15;18(6):2159-2164.
29 Understanding the Dual Inhibition of COX-2 and Carbonic Anhydrase-II by Celecoxib and CG100649 Using Density Functional Theory Calculations and other Molecular Modelling Approaches. Protein Pept Lett. 2015;22(10):903-12.
30 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of the antitumor sulfamate EMD 486019 with twelve mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms: Kinetic and X-r... Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Aug 1;18(15):4282-6.
31 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the newly isolated murine isozyme XIII with anions. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2004 Nov 1;14(21):5435-9.
32 Sulfonamide linked neoglycoconjugates--a new class of inhibitors for cancer-associated carbonic anhydrases. J Med Chem. 2010 Apr 8;53(7):2913-26.
33 Deciphering the mechanism of carbonic anhydrase inhibition with coumarins and thiocoumarins. J Med Chem. 2010 Jan 14;53(1):335-44.
34 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition studies of a coral secretory isoform by sulfonamides. Bioorg Med Chem. 2009 Jul 15;17(14):5054-8.
35 Localization of diuretic effects along the loop of Henle: an in vivo microperfusion study in rats. Clin Sci (Lond). 2000 Apr;98(4):481-8.
36 The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42.
37 Selective effect of thiazides on the human osteoblast-like cell line MG-63. Kidney Int. 1996 Nov;50(5):1476-82.
38 Inhibition of carbonic anhydrases I and II by N-unsubstituted carbamate esters. J Biol Chem. 1992 Dec 15;267(35):25044-50.
39 Nature of the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by acetazolamide and benzthiazide. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1961 Mar;131:271-4.
40 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XIV with sulfonamides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2005 Sep 1;15(17):3828-33.
41 Polyamines inhibit carbonic anhydrases by anchoring to the zinc-coordinated water molecule. J Med Chem. 2010 Aug 12;53(15):5511-22.
42 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Inhibition of the new membrane-associated isoform XV with phenols. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Jun 15;18(12):3593-6.
43 Cloning, expression, post-translational modifications and inhibition studies on the latest mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoform, CA XV. J Med Chem. 2009 Feb 12;52(3):646-54.
44 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of indapamide and related diuretics with 12 mammalian isozymes and X-ray crystallographic studies for th... Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Apr 15;18(8):2567-73.
45 Anti-obesity drugs. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008 Jun;9(8):1339-50.
46 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: crystallographic and solution binding studies for the interaction of a boron-containing aromatic sulfamide with mamm... Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010 Jun 15;20(12):3601-5.
47 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors as antitumor/antimetastatic agents: a patent review (2008-2018).Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2018 Oct;28(10):729-740.
48 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the membrane-bound human and bovine isozymes IV with sulfonamides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2005 Feb 15;15(4):1149-54.
49 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of isozymes I, II, IV, V, and IX with carboxylates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2005 Feb 1;15(3):573-8.
50 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: E7070, a sulfonamide anticancer agent, potently inhibits cytosolic isozymes I and II, and transmembrane, tumor-assoc... Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2004 Jan 5;14(1):217-23.
51 Potential role of (124)I-girentuximab in the presurgical diagnosis of clear-cell renal cell cancer. Biologics. 2012;6:395-407.
52 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of isozymes I, II, IV, V, and IX with anions isosteric and isoelectronic with sulfate, nitrate, and carbo... Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2005 Feb 1;15(3):567-71.
53 Therapeutic mechanism and efficacy of the antibody-drug conjugate BAY 79-4620 targeting human carbonic anhydrase 9. Mol Cancer Ther. 2012 Feb;11(2):340-9.
54 Application of monoclonal antibody G250 recognizing carbonic anhydrase IX in renal cell carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci. 2013 May 29;14(6):11402-23.